Ring-billed Gull vs California Gull - A Tale of Two Larry's

Do you hate identifying gulls? Join the flock...

I would not enjoy the results of surveying how birders deal with identifying gulls. I would bet a life bird or two, that many birders guess, skip, or lump a majority of the Larus gulls they see. If you do not know what a Larus gull is, do not fret. Not everyone can be a "Larophile..."

Larus, Larus, Leucophaeus

Larus is the genus of the majority of the larger, white-head gulls. The failed attempt at a "duck, duck, goose" joke in the title of this section includes a second genus from another common gull in much of North America, the Franklin's Gull. While I will not use Larus extensively in this post, you should expect to see me refer to white-headed gulls with the colloquial "Larry's". I get so much joy from shouting, "Whoa! That is one giant flocking group of Larry's!"

We have two main species of Larry in the Rockies, the Ring-billed Gull (the dumpster Larry) and the California Gull (the hipster Larry). Now, sit back and enjoy my ramblings, as I attempt to focus my energies on providing identification tips on these two common interior Larry's.

Identification of Ring-billed Gull vs California Gull

There are 5 "obvious" keys to look for when separating the Ring-billed Gull (RBGU) from the California Gull (CAGU):

1. Eyes

2. Legs

3. Mantle (back)

4. Bill

5. Wing Pattern

These 5 areas can lead to an "easy" Larry identification, but only for adult birds. Do not cuss me yet, I will get into the younger birds (aka Dirty Larry's) in a later post. Let's get started.

Eyes

The eyes of an adult RBGU have a light-colored iris, year-round. This contrasts greatly with the dark iris of the CAGU. This rule is usually steadfast for older birds, though there are always exceptions...

Legs

Color can be a tough identification key for some folks. What I call yellow-green and what you call yellow-green can be two very different colors. However, I cannot help if you have a refined color-pallette. Get down to my level. The Larry level. Let's talk legs, Larry's legs:

Basic Plumage (nonbreeding)

• RBGU - yellow to yellowish

• CAGU - greenish blue to blueish

Alternate Plumage (breeding)

• RBGU - yellowish orange to yellow

• CAGU - yellowish

The leg color of a CAGU is almost always "off." The legs are never quite an obvious color, with an almost greenish hue, all year. The leg color of the RBGU is what most would describe as yellow. During the breeding season, they can have a bit of orangey to them, but they are still vibrantly yellow.

Mantle

This is a tougher tip to teach. Unless you have wonderful lighting, close views, and an eye for subtle contrasts, the color of the "back" feathers on Larry's is no easy tell-tale. However, if the planets align, you might notice the RBGU has a paler mantle color than the CAGU. How much is that difference? Well, if you were to use Munsell Values, where black=1 and white=10, the RBGU is about a 6.5, and the CAGU is closer to a 5. Helpful, right? Next time you are in the field, just whip out your Munsell grayscale fan deck and hold it right up to the bird... You get the point, RBGU=lighter Larry and CAGU=darker Larry.

Bill

The CAGU has a larger bill than the RBGU, but that is not helpful unless you can directly compare the two! Or perhaps you have spent countless hours gazing into the gonydeal spot of these lovely Larry's and have their bill sizes memorized. You CAN, however, use the coloration on the bill to separate these grayish ghouls. The RBGU and CAGU both have black markings near the tip of the bill, but... the adult CAGU also has an obvious RED mark proximal to the black mark. Woo hoo! Bingo! But, you have to be close enough to see this mark, and you can forget using it if we are looking at young birds.

Wing Pattern

There is one more tip I can provide for this feathery puzzle. When these birds have "fresh" or "new" flight feathers, the CAGU often shows far more white at the tips of its primaries. While not always reliable (depending on the progression of molt), this feature can be useful when the birds return to mall parking lots across the Rocky Mountains, at the beginning of spring.

Let's Practice with our Larry's!

In this image, we can only see keys 1, 3, and 4. However, that is more than enough to identify this gull! Always use as many keys as possible to aid in identification. This CALIFORNIA GULL has dark eyes, a darker mantle, and a red gonydeal spot on the bill.

This image provides us a look at all five keys. However, the lighting limits our abilities to see keys 3 and 5. You should still be able to identify this RING-BILLED GULL. The eyes are light, there is a solid, black ring around the bill, and the legs are vibrant yellow-orangeish. The mantle color appears darker than the bird above, but that is a product of lighting and camera exposure. The wing tips do not have much white on the top, though the viewing angle is not ideal. Three keys is more than plenty for this identification!

In this photo, all five keys are again visible. The eyes are light, the mantle is much lighter than the previous two photos, there is no red on the bill, and the tips of the primaries have minimal white. The legs, however, might be confusing. The left leg appears to have a greenish hue, but the right leg is clearly vibrant yellow. The left leg color may be a product of lighting and exposure. The other four keys are more than enough to identify this bird as a RING-BILLED GULL.

Last photo before the quiz! You have four keys but only three are useful. The eyes are dark, the mantle is dark, and the bill has a red gonydeal spot. The wing tips are visible, but you might notice the white is "disappearing." White feather tips wear off as the feather ages. This photo was likely taken April, but the white is almost gone. This is a good reminder to use multiple identification keys when possible!

Gull Quiz!

Quiz answers are at the bottom of the post.

Gull Quiz #1

Gull Quiz #2

Gull Quiz #3

Gull Quiz #4

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Quiz Answers

1) Eleven RBGU (the 11th is on the far right), 2) RBGU, 3) RBGU in the front, CAGU in the rear 4) Front to back: CAGU, CAGU, RBGU, CAGU

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